CountercaseReference library

Reference library · 844 indexed works

See what the history
is resting on.

Search the works cited across CivStudy, distinguish formal records from generated stubs, and follow mature sources toward exact versions, snapshots and claim-level pointers.

844reference records
10claim-linked receipts
85formal + locator
662generated stubs

Reference maturity

A citation count is not a quality score.

01Generated stubdiscovery only02Catalogued · no locatorbibliographic only03Catalogued · locatorcandidate support04Excerpt receipteligible for binding review not full page immutability05Full snapshot boundeligible for source pointer06Claim scopedeligible for reviewed claim

Claim-linked evidence

Eight sources.
Two opened dossiers.

National Archives and Assemblée nationale records now carry bounded excerpt snapshots, content digests, reference roles and exact claim pointers. They remain V2 candidates until human review.

Coverage gatepassed2 historical cases
Claim receipts8hash verified
Human approvals0promotion blocked

The beta has crossed the broader-coverage gate. It has not crossed the authority gate: a reviewer must accept each binding before any canonical proposal can advance.

Primary Sourcereview pending

Declaration of Independence (1776)

The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.

The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
retrieval-2026-08-09
Authority
U.S. National Archives
Licence
USGov-NARA
Trace receiptb8c538a4ecae1ce72e942e1b5e1ff08b062c5b1b95dd9f699126bb634a0f15ea
Critical Editionreview pending

Creating the Declaration: A Timeline

The Continental Congress voted for independence on July 2, 1776.

On July 2, the Lee resolution was adopted by 12 of the 13 colonies (New York did not vote).
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
retrieval-2026-08-09
Authority
U.S. National Archives
Licence
USGov-NARA
Trace receipt86ad75069c946e2aeb676833b2f534aa1e1f1362c9b05c3178a38c42aa9c8415
Primary Sourcereview pending

Treaty of Paris (1783)

The Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as independent in 1783.

ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation.
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
page-reviewed-2022-05-10
Authority
U.S. National Archives
Licence
USGov-NARA
Trace receipt01cae3a4e878360bfc71166da7539fa7989300044fc92ecf889562398f791c7f
Primary Sourcereview pending

Constitution of the United States (1787)

A new constitutional frame was signed on September 17, 1787, after independence.

this four-page document, signed on September 17, 1787, established the government of the United States.
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
retrieval-2026-08-09
Authority
U.S. National Archives
Licence
USGov-NARA
Trace receipt17f5b379f4623938837e7cc483ba4e9c7d0689144ec240df00fc675ffe7e9523
Critical Editionreview pending

Nuit du 4 août : Abolition des privilèges

During the night of August 4, 1789, the Assembly proposed abolition of the feudal regime.

Durant la nuit, l'Assemblée enthousiaste propose l’abolition du régime féodal.
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
retrieval-2026-08-09
Authority
Assemblée nationale
Licence
Etalab-Open-Licence-attribution
Trace receipt804efbf29fb5668cd10f73bb16dc05319ac33467dc62031fe39782351c7ea9bcLicence record ↗
Critical Editionreview pending

La Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen

The Constituent Assembly voted the preamble and seventeen articles of the Declaration from August 20 to 26, 1789.

Du 20 au 26 août 1789, l’Assemblée constituante vote un par un le préambule et les dix-sept articles de la Déclaration.
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
retrieval-2026-08-09
Authority
Assemblée nationale
Licence
Etalab-Open-Licence-attribution
Trace receipt5c466d0a0c4420c6e7406c59add99e70de18c83733300df96d80649c2c74430eLicence record ↗
Critical Editionreview pending

La première Constitution écrite française

France's first written constitution was adopted on September 3, 1791, and instituted a constitutional monarchy.

La première Constitution française écrite, acceptée par le roi qui lui jure fidélité, est adoptée le 3 septembre 1791.
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
retrieval-2026-08-09
Authority
Assemblée nationale
Licence
Etalab-Open-Licence-attribution
Trace receipt6eaf9b796d652fc7a9d8aea03177f254a8eb55b182fcafcf4ce7eb0d3d0c8de1Licence record ↗
Critical Editionreview pending

La Constitution de l'an VIII : Le Consulat

After the coups of 18 and 19 Brumaire in 1799, legislative commissions were formed to draft a new constitution.

Dès après le coup d’État des 18 et 19 brumaire 1799, deux commissions législatives sont mises en place pour rédiger une nouvelle Constitution.
Pointer scope
claim-relevant excerpt
Version
retrieval-2026-08-09
Authority
Assemblée nationale
Licence
Etalab-Open-Licence-attribution
Trace receipt2b1861273cadaeb02527890674765fe2625ea707f6d9152a6a06216769febc1aLicence record ↗

Provenance workbench

Lock the source before using the claim.

Four priority dataset identities are verified. The remaining blocker is an authorized WHG export. Verification opens staging; it does not authorize a crosswalk or corpus change.

01Locator6 / 6
02Snapshot5 / 6
03Hash + licence5 / 6
04Native observation2 rows
05Reconciliationrefused
06Ambiguity1 open
07Human crosswalk0 receipts
Verified lockGit release

Pleiades Datasets

pleiades.datasets · 4.1
Licence
CC BY 3.0
Publication gate
Snapshot eligible
Content identity
b6a6790f71c45e4a4ef60fce296c506f28f458bf

Preserve release identity and attribution in every place attestation.

Interpretation boundaryA verified release identifies the bytes; it does not certify every coordinate or historical interpretation.
Open registered locator ↗
Verified lockGit release

Cliopatria

cliopatria · 0.2.0
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Publication gate
Snapshot eligible
Content identity
ad28a691b7c07c1fca89d0e0636d324667d2a258

Begin source-native polity attestations; retain boundary uncertainty for expert review.

Interpretation boundaryPolygons encode one historical interpretation and are not automatic allocation weights.
Open registered locator ↗
Verified lockJSON-LD

PeriodO canonical

periodo_canonical_periods · 299
Licence
CC0 / public domain
Publication gate
Snapshot eligible
Content identity
089125cdf42fdedb2193504dd8d050c85f577a1bfdad327d3660f529fb127278

Stage source-native period attestations while preserving each authority, original label and spatial scope.

Interpretation boundaryPeriod definitions are scholarly assertions with spatial scope—not universal time bins.
Open registered locator ↗
Verified lockWorkbook

Maddison Project Database 2023

maddison_project_database · 1.0 / MPD 2023
Licence
CC BY 4.0 · DOI 10.34894/INZBF2
Publication gate
Snapshot eligible
Content identity
ecc5916ca12789b983fc4be437f8a354bbf4291323605324ac3e0aea4c57cbb6

Parse the Full data sheet into source-native country observations without inferring civilization membership.

Interpretation boundaryCountry and source-defined regional series are not CivStudy civilizations, empires, or analytical patterns.
Open registered locator ↗
BlockedAuthorized export

World Historical Gazetteer v4

world_historical_gazetteer_v4 · api-v4-current-2026-08-08
Licence
Per-source terms and attribution
Publication gate
Held closed

Capture an authorized source-specific export with namespaces, attribution, licence metadata, and a content hash.

Interpretation boundaryWHG aggregates contributed sources whose rights and assertions must remain distinguishable.
Open registered locator ↗

Governed execution register

One source crossed
the observation gate.

MPD 2023 is the first checksum-bound workbook in this lane to yield exact source-native observations. A separate Qing packet now has two claim receipts. Both remain withheld until named review.

CM-4B.1 · executed evidence3 packets advanced · 0 human receipts · 0 publishable
MPD source-native entityCHN · China · East Asia
Population, mid-year · source unit: thousands of persons
YearSource valueExact pointer
100059,000Full data!A20180:F20180
1500103,000Full data!A20431:F20431
Workbook SHA-256ecc5916ca12789b983fc4be437f8a354bbf4291323605324ac3e0aea4c57cbb6Official dataset record ↗
Open decisions
01

Use CHN only as a named country comparator without a CivStudy projection.

02

Define a time-varying China-core projection with explicit historical membership.

03

Define a separate MPD East Asia regional object without calling it Sinitic civilization.

Bounded research evidence

Eight observations—still simulation-only.

These MPD and World Bank values demonstrate the required source-native shape. They are not yet stored as governed, snapshot-bound observations and must not be counted as canonical evidence.

Authority: simulation_only2 governed observations · 8 bounded probes
mpd · 20232022

China

CHN19,240 international-$ in 2011 prices

Gdp Per Capita

Published Reconstruction
A source-country observation. It is not a Sinitic/East Asian civilization aggregate.Inspect source ↗
mpd · 20232022

East Asia (Maddison)

OWID_MADDISON_EAST_ASIA21,730 international-$ in 2011 prices

Gdp Per Capita

Published Reconstruction
Dataset-defined regional aggregate. Its membership is not CivStudy's Sinitic projection.Inspect source ↗
mpd · 20232022

Western Europe (Maddison)

OWID_MADDISON_WESTERN_EUROPE41,320 international-$ in 2011 prices

Gdp Per Capita

Published Reconstruction
Useful source anchor; not equivalent to Western/Atlantic civilization.Inspect source ↗
mpd · 20232022

Middle East and North Africa (Maddison)

OWID_MADDISON_MENA19,870 international-$ in 2011 prices

Gdp Per Capita

Published Reconstruction
A modern dataset region, not an Islamic civilizational aggregate.Inspect source ↗
world_bank_wdi · retrieved_20262020

China

CHN19,215 constant 2021 international-$

Gdp Per Capita Ppp Real

Official Modern Series
Different PPP price basis from MPD's 2011 international-$.Inspect source ↗
world_bank_wdi · retrieved_20262022

China

CHN21,499.382 constant 2021 international-$

Gdp Per Capita Ppp Real

Official Modern Series
Do not splice directly into an MPD 2011-price series.Inspect source ↗
world_bank_wdi · retrieved_20262023

China

CHN22,687.076 constant 2021 international-$

Gdp Per Capita Ppp Real

Official Modern Series
The current CivStudy card's 2023 value is not traceable to this series.Inspect source ↗
world_bank_wdi · retrieved_20262024

China

CHN23,845.62 constant 2021 international-$

Gdp Per Capita Ppp Real

Official Modern Series
A genuinely new observation beyond MPD's 2022 endpoint.Inspect source ↗

Architecture controls

The contract is ahead of execution.

These controls show which seams still require first-class objects. “Gap” is useful information; a green build must not repaint it.

01gap

Immutable source snapshot and hash

absent

Required: required
02gap

Source-native observation layer

absent; source values are entered directly into civilization cards

Required: required
03gap

Versioned entity crosswalk

absent

Required: required
04gap

Named projection specification

implicit in card ID and prose

Required: required
05gap

Versioned model recipe

free-text methodology only

Required: required
06gap

Bounds/distributions retained

ranges collapsed to midpoint

Required: required
07partial

Typed human semantic gate

generic accept/reject suggestions

Required: required for taxonomy/model changes
08partial

Git-based publish chain

outbox/staged drafts exist, final governed chain incomplete

Required: required
09gap

Controlled refusal / unknown state

coverage incentives encourage synthetic completion

Required: first-class

Browse the library

Inspect what the corpus actually cites.

Results are ranked by citation count. Maturity describes the record, not the quality of the work or the truth of a claim.

844 recordscitations
Page 1 / 24

V2 authority spine

Seventeen governed source candidates.

These records are proposal-only. They define how sources may be used and what must fail closed before ingestion.

P0Historical Place Authority

World Historical Gazetteer v4

Global historical places; attestation-centric graph

Licence posture
Authority/service and contributed-dataset terms must be reviewed per source
Critical caveat
Do not copy WHG place clusters as unquestioned fact; retain source and certainty per attestation.
Historical place reconciliationVariant names and geometriesClaim-level provenance
Inspect authority ↗
P0Period Authority

PeriodO

Scholarly historical, archaeological and art-historical period definitions

Licence posture
CC0 / public domain
Critical caveat
Period labels are scholarly assertions, not universal time bins.
Source-specific period definitionsAlternative periodizationsChronology disagreement cards
Inspect authority ↗
P0Ancient Place Authority

Pleiades Datasets 4.1

41,480 ancient place resources as of May 2025

Licence posture
CC BY 3.0
Critical caveat
Coordinates and geometry precision vary; use numbered releases and preserve precision metadata.
Ancient-place identifiersVariant namesGeospatial references
Inspect authority ↗
P0Polity Boundary Authority

Cliopatria

Worldwide polities from 3400 BCE to 2024 CE; over 1,600 entities and roughly 14,000 records

Licence posture
CC BY 4.0
Critical caveat
The polygons represent one historical interpretation and require expert review before use as allocation weights.
Polity identity reconciliationTime-varying territorial boundariesPolity lifecycle validation
Inspect authority ↗
P1Polity Institutional Observations

Seshat Global History Databank

Historical polity, social-complexity, religion, institutions and related coded variables

Licence posture
Dataset-specific; many materials are non-commercial/share-alike
Critical caveat
Never treat unknown as absent or point estimates as source observations; review licence per dataset.
Polity-level institutional observationsAlternative coded interpretationsNarrative evidence for comparative hypotheses
Inspect authority ↗
P1Urban Observations

Historical Urban Population: 3700 BC–AD 2000

Global spatially explicit city populations over roughly 6,000 years

Licence posture
Public access; verify redistribution terms at ingestion
Critical caveat
Coverage is sparse and inherited from Chandler/Modelski; missing cities are not zero-population cities.
City observation cardsUrban hierarchy analysisPolity/civilization urban-network projections
Inspect authority ↗
P1Population Landuse Reconstruction

HYDE 3.2

Gridded population and land use from 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE

Licence posture
Verify source-release terms at ingestion
Critical caveat
HYDE is a modeled reconstruction and should never be displayed as a census or polity observation.
Environmental exposurePopulation-density scenariosLand-use change
Inspect authority ↗
P0Economic Reconstruction

Maddison Project Database 2023

Country and source-defined regional GDP per capita and population through 2022

Licence posture
CC BY 4.0
Critical caveat
It does not contain CivStudy civilizations, empires or analytical patterns.
Source-country economic anchorsPublished-reconstruction observationsInputs to explicit CivStudy projections
Inspect authority ↗
P1Long Run Social Economic Indicators

Clio Infra

Global social, economic and institutional indicators, strongest over the past five centuries

Licence posture
Dataset-specific; verify per series
Critical caveat
Each indicator may be constructed differently; the accompanying working paper is part of the evidence.
Wages and pricesLife expectancy and well-beingInequality
Inspect authority ↗
P1_REFERENCE_ONLY_UNTIL_LICENSEModern Historical Macro

Global Macro Database v2026_06

46 variables, 239 countries, 1086–2025, 160 sources

Licence posture
Academic and non-profit research only; commercial use requires permission
Critical caveat
Do not ingest into a commercial product without permission; raw-source mode is preferable for lineage research.
Modern fiscal seriesGovernment revenue and debtTrade, inflation and unemployment
Inspect authority ↗
P1_REFERENCE_ONLY_UNTIL_LICENSECultural Observations

D-PLACE / Ethnographic Atlas v3.3

Place-, language-, culture- and environment-linked ethnographic observations

Licence posture
CC BY-NC 4.0
Critical caveat
Ethnographic focal dates must be preserved; never back-project observations across centuries or civilizations.
Cultural-practice comparisonsLanguage and ecology joinsTesting broad civilization generalizations
Inspect authority ↗
P1Modern Institutional Measurement

V-Dem Dataset v16

531 indicators and 251 indices; released March 2026

Licence posture
Verify redistribution and product-use terms
Critical caveat
Latent interval scores are not raw ordinal coder answers; preserve posterior or uncertainty fields where available.
Modern institutional trajectoriesMeasurement-model examplesUncertainty-aware expert-coded observations
Inspect authority ↗
P1Modern Conflict Events

UCDP v26.1

Organized violence 1946–2025; georeferenced events to day and locality

Licence posture
Verify redistribution terms
Critical caveat
Event definitions and thresholds must be retained; absence from the dataset is not absence of political violence.
Modern event cardsConflict exposurePolity-event integration
Inspect authority ↗
P2Historical Trade Events

Sound Toll Registers Online

1.8 million ship passages, 1497–1857; nearly complete from 1574

Licence posture
Verify data reuse terms
Critical caveat
STRO is an interpreted reduction of the original registers, not a literal source edition.
Baltic/North Sea trade networksPort and commodity flowsMerchant-network analysis
Inspect authority ↗
P1Coerced Mobility And Trade

SlaveVoyages

Transatlantic and intra-American voyages plus named-person records

Licence posture
Open-access project; verify bulk-data reuse terms
Critical caveat
People are not merely flow units; preserve person-level provenance and avoid reducing the evidence to an abstract trade metric.
Atlantic coerced mobilityPort and empire-network analysisDemographic impact
Inspect authority ↗
P1Paleoclimate Observations

PAGES2k Common Era proxy database

692 proxy records at 648 locations across the Common Era

Licence posture
Open scientific data; verify individual-record attribution requirements
Critical caveat
A proxy is not local annual temperature without a reconstruction model; retain archive type and temporal resolution.
Regional climate exposureClimate-event synchronizationTesting environmental narratives
Inspect authority ↗
P1Modern Urbanization

UN World Urbanization Prospects 2025

237 countries/areas; estimates 1950–2025 and projections to 2050

Licence posture
UN terms; verify redistribution requirements
Critical caveat
Projections must be visually and semantically separated from estimates.
Modern urbanization cardsBridge from historical urban observations to modern dataMethodology comparison
Inspect authority ↗
Countercase SourcesReference lineage, source locks and historical interpretation remain distinct.

844 references · 8 claim receipts · proposal-only